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Lower Mississippi River
(詳細はMississippi River downstream of Cairo, Illinois. From the confluence of the Ohio River and Upper Mississippi River at Cairo, the Lower flows just under 1600 kilometers (1000 mi) to the Gulf of Mexico. It is the most heavily travelled component of the Mississippi River System.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=Navigation Data Center )〕
Unlike on the upper rivers, there are no locks or dams on the Lower Mississippi. The river is, however, constrained by levees and dikes to control flooding and secure a navigation channel for barges.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=Rock Island District Engineers )〕 The Old River Control Structure, the Bonnet Carré Spillway, the Mississippi River – Gulf Outlet Canal and other man-made structures on the lower reaches of the river seek to manipulate the flow of water in the vicinity of New Orleans.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=US Army Corps of Engineers )〕
The political and engineering focus in the 20th century was to separate the Lower Mississippi River from its floodplain. Levees and channelization—along with substantial loss of bottomland forests to agriculture in the alluvial valley—have resulted in a loss of wildlife and fish habitat, decreased water quality, and an expansion of the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico. Agricultural runoff has resulted in increased turbidity, siltation, pollution from pesticides, toxicity to aquatic organisms, oxygen depletion and eutrophication.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=EPA: Mississippi River Basin & Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia )〕
==See also==
* List of crossings of the Lower Mississippi River
* 2011 Mississippi River floods
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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